Wednesday, August 29, 2012

Blindmen and An Apple

Apple sued Samsung for patent infringements all over the world to stop the latter from selling its smart phone models involved in the suits.

(Note: Samsung had overtaken Apple in smart phone sales in just 3 years by leveraging on the Android platform by Google, and Android phones had outsold Apple's iPhones over the same period. Some observers noted that Apple's suit against Samsung is part of its fight to 'destroy' Google's entry into smartphone arena - Apple's founder Steve Jobs had claimed that Android was a copied product.)

On Aug 24 2012, the South Korean court delivered a verdict (probably meant to 'influence' the American one due soon after - see below) that dismissed some claims and counterclaims from both sides while saying there were some infringements by both. The court decided that Apple copied more from Samsung than the other way round and the 'net' settlement was about US$10,000 in Samsung's favour.

A few hours later on the same day, a US jury decided that Samsung infringed on most of what Apple claimed and awarded Apple more than US$1 billion (vs $2.5 billion Apple claimed). As result, Samsung's share price fell by 7.5% (or US$12 billion off its market capitalisation).

Some observations by critics of the US court's decision:
 - Samsung says Apple 'abused' US patent laws
 - Apple won almost all its claims while Samsung almost none
 - the US jury took only 21 hours to make the decision which involved answering a total of 700 questions according to a 109 page instruction guide! A lawyer was quoted as saying that he would need 3 days just to understand the 700 questions let alone answer them!

A week later (31 August), a Japanese court threw out a similar suit by Apple.

Same case, different decisions. Which one is right and should one believe? It is all about money and power. The more powerful (US) can do what they like while the weak (Korean) would have to accept it. Too Bad...

Japanese handphone manufacturer Sony Ericsson also uses Google's Android OS (operation system) and may similarly be wary of simlar threats from Apple, thus their court decision above.

A few weeks later, Samsung filed to void the US judgement on the basis that the lead juror used to be involved in a dispute with a US company subsequently owned by Samsung! The Americans claimed they were not aware of that man's history. Sure...


Reports in technology industry legal issues site:
http://www.groklaw.net/article.php?story=20120824175815101


On The Apple Victory Over Samsung
Apple's victory over Samsung appears... extreme. Since I'm not a lawyer, I can only give my layman's opinion which is likely worth about what you paid for it. Nonetheless, it appears as if the the opinion will be under attack by Samsung shortly (reference Legal analysts suggest Apple-Samsung verdict may not be safe). Whether that attack will be successful is unknown.

Potential Grounds For Reversal?
The jury form was apparently inconsistent, and Samsung's lawyers apparently anticipated such, as can be seen by this motion found on Grollaw:
Late in the process yesterday at the Apple v. Samsung trial, when the parties and the judge were reviewing the jury verdict form, Samsung noticed that there were, indeed, inconsistencies in the jury's verdict form, a possibility Samsung anticipated [PDF]. Here's the jury's Amended Verdict Form [PDF], amended to fix the mistakes. Here's the original [PDF]. Here's the note [PDF] the jury sent to the judge when told to fix the inconsistencies. What are they, they asked? "Please let the jury know," they wrote in the only note ever sent in their deliberations, "of the inconsistencies we are supposed to deliberate on."

In two instances, results were crazily contradictory, and the judge had to have the jury go back and fix the goofs. As a result the damages award was reduced to $1,049,343,540, 1 down from $1,051,855,000. For just one example, the jury had said one device didn't infringe, but then they awarded Apple $2 million for inducement. In another they awarded a couple of hundred thousand for a device they'd ruled didn't infringe at all. This all was revealed by The Verge in its live blog coverage:
The jury appears to have awarded damages for the Galaxy Tab 10.1 LTE infringing — $219,694 worth — but didn't find that it had actually infringed anything....A similar inconsistency exists for the Intercept, for which they'd awarded Apple over $2 million
Intercept: "The jury found no direct infringement but did find inducement" for the '915 and '163 utility patents. If a device didn't infringe, it would be rather hard for a company to induce said non-existant infringement.
...continue reading here: http://boombustblog.com/blog/item/6158-on-the-apple-victory-over-samsung


Apple crushes Samsung in quest for global tech domination
A US jury has rubberstamped Apple's exploitation of the patent system. But Samsung's $1bn loss will cost consumers dear
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2012/aug/25/apple-crushes-samsung-quest-global-tech-domination


South Korean court finds against Apple and Samsung
http://www.rte.ie/news/2012/0824/south-korean-court-finds-against-apple-and-samsung.html

A South Korean court has ruled that Samsung did not copy the look and feel of Apple's iPhone and that Apple had infringed some of Samsung's technology.

However, in a split decision on patents, the panel also said Samsung violated Apple technology and ordered both sides to pay limited damages.

The Seoul Central District Court ruling called for a partial ban on sales of products including iPads and smartphones from both companies, though the verdict did not affect the latest-generation phones - Apple's iPhone 4S or Samsung's Galaxy S3.

The ruling affects only the South Korean market and is part of a larger, epic struggle over patents and innovation unfolding in nine countries.

The biggest stakes are in the US, where Apple is suing Samsung for $2.5 billion (€2bn) over allegations it has created illegal knockoffs of iPhones and iPads.

The Seoul ruling was a rare victory for Samsung in its arguments that Apple has infringed on its wireless technology patents, which previously have been dismissed by courts in Europe, where judges have ruled that they are part of industry standards that must be licensed under fair terms to competitors.

"This is basically Samsung's victory on its home territory," said patent attorney Jeong Woo-sung. "Out of nine countries, Samsung got the ruling that it wanted for the first time in South Korea."

The ruling ordered Apple to remove the iPhone 3GS, iPhone 4, iPad 1 and iPad 2 from store shelves in South Korea, saying that the products infringed on two of Samsung's five disputed patents, including those for telecommunications technology.

The court also denied Apple's claim that Samsung had illegally copied its design, ruling that big rectangular screens in cases with rounded corners had existed in products before the iPhone and iPad.

"It is not possible to assert that these two designs are similar based only on the similarity of those features," the court said in a ruling issued in Korean that was translated into English by The Associated Press.

It also said individual icons in the Samsung products do not appear similar to the icons Apple used in the iPhone.

However the court ruled that Samsung had infringed on one of Apple's patents on the feature that causes a screen to bounce back when a user scrolls to an end image.

The court banned sales of Samsung products using the technology, including the Galaxy S2, in South Korea.

Court spokesman Kim Mun-sung said the court's ruling was to take effect immediately, although companies often request that sanctions be suspended while they evaluate their legal options.

Nam Ki-yung, a spokesman for Samsung, said the company welcomed the ruling.

"Today's ruling also affirmed our position that one single company cannot monopolise generic design features," he said.

Apple did not respond to multiple calls seeking comment.

The court also ordered each company to pay monetary compensation to its competitor. Samsung must pay Apple 25 million won (€17,596) while Apple must pay its rival 40 million won (€28,150).
South Korea is not a big market for Apple, and the ruling is not likely to have a big impact on jury deliberations in the US.

However, some industry watchers expressed concern over the South Korean ruling to protect industry standard patents.

They say the decision could invite a trade war by giving Samsung and fellow South Korean company LG - both industry standard patent holders - more room to block rivals' entrance into South Korea if they do not agree to licensing terms.

"It would mean that foreign companies would either have to bow to Samsung's and LG's demands ... or stop selling in Korea," said Florian Mueller, a patent expert in Munich, Germany who has been closely following the case.

Courts in Europe, including Netherlands, France, Italy and Germany, have rejected similar claims by Samsung that Apple violated its wireless patents, with judges arguing that the patents have become part of industry standards.

Standard-essential patents are a crucial technology for new players to make products compatible with the rest of the market and must be licensed under fair and reasonable terms.

Europe's anti-trust regulator launched an investigation earlier this year into whether Samsung was failing to license those patents under fair and reasonable terms.

In today’s ruling, the South Korean court said Samsung did not abuse its market power as an industry standard patent holder.

Apple filed suit against Samsung in San Diego, California, in April 2011, alleging that some of the South Korean company's smartphones and computer tablets are illegal knockoffs of Apple's iPhone and iPad.

Samsung denies the allegations and argues that all companies in the cutthroat phone industry mimic each other's successes without crossing the legal line.

Cupertino, California-based Apple is suing Samsung for $2.5bn and demanding that the court pull its most popular smartphones and computer tablets from the US market, making the case one of the biggest technology disputes in history.

Jury deliberations in San Diego began Wednesday after three weeks of testimony. The case went to the jury after last-minute talks between the companies' chief executives failed to resolve the dispute.

Shortly after Apple filed its suit in the US, Samsung filed a complaint in South Korea against Apple for allegedly breaching its telecommunications patents.

The battle is all the more complex as Apple and Samsung are not only competitors in the fast-growing global market for smartphones and tablet computers, but also have a close business relationship.

"This is going to go on and on and on," said Barney Loehnis, head of mobile for Asia at public relations firm Ogilvy. "This will never change because the sorts of patents that they're fighting over are such a fundamental essence of using these devices that they're always going to be leapfrogging one over the other."

Samsung, the world's biggest manufacturer of memory chips and liquid crystal displays, supplies some of the key components that go into Apple products, including mobile chips that work as a brain of the iPhone and the iPad.

The South Korean firm overtook Apple in less than three years in smartphone markets.

In the second quarter of this year, Samsung sold 50.2m units of smartphones, nearly twice as much as Apple's 26m units, according to IDC.

Despite the ruling that is widely seen as Samsung's victory, Samsung's share fell 0.9% in Seoul.


Japan judge dismisses Apple suit against Samsung

A week after Apple scored a major victory over Samsung, a similar suit has been tossed out by a Japanese court. 

By Matthew Shaer / August 31, 2012

http://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/Horizons/2012/0831/Japan-judge-dismisses-Apple-suit-against-Samsung


Life Lesson:
There are many ways the powerful use to keep the underdogs or less powerful from overtaking them (or at the least, share a part of their profits).

Using 'legal means' like above gives the impression of fairness to the 80% simpletons. Moreover, one can't always rely on the same old tricks below. The more variety the easier to hoodwink the 80%.

Another method to keep competitors out is to apply 'sanctions' (on excuses that can be easily manufactured).

The most barbaric way is to eliminate the upcoming competitors entirely by way of physical wars between potential competitors and others instead of getting directly (or minimally) involved oneself. E.g. Germany/Russia and China/Japan in the 'world wars', Vietnam and Korea wars, Iran-Iraq war etc.

Saturday, August 18, 2012

5,000 Years Old Culture or 50 times 100 Years?

At Tian's house and wanted to watch news on TV. Found out that their TV antenna was taken down by storm for the last few months. So her father played some Chinese DVDs on various 'inspirational' topics.

One of those DVDs had a introduction that said that Chinese culture is 5,000 years old while western culture is only 200 years old.

On hearing the introduction, I decided that there is no need to watch it further. Any one with a little history would know that the 'west' claim that their culture descended from the Greeks which is at least 2,000 years old. Like Chinamen's 5,000 year old claim, that is also just a claim.

I guessed that the fools that produced the Chinaman DVD took the Industrial Age which is about 200 years old to be 'western civilisation'.

Apparently, to some Chinamen 5,000 years being longer than Greece's 2,000 years (or according to the idiots that produced the DVD above, 200 years) meant a big deal.

Assuming that those Chinaman idiots were correct, it did not occur to them to wonder how come others with only 200 years of culture can send rovers to Mars and spacecrafts to all the planets whereas one with 5,000 years could not. All those Chinamen had to show by way of great achievement with regards to getting close to the heavens is some poem by Li Bai about watching the moon from his bed and fairy tale about cattle herder and his flame.

Could it be that in truth one culture is 200 years old and the other is 50 times 100 years (not 5,000 years) old?

Rover 'Curiosity' Landing on Mars (5 August 2012)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ki_Af_o9Q9s
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=P4boyXQuUIw&NR=1

Side Note 1 - 12 times 1 year's experience:
1990s After interviewing a job applicant for our company Andersen Consulting, we asked our fellow interviewer (a partner) what he thought about the applicant. The partner said 'in his resume the applicant claimed he has 12 years experience but after I found out what he was doing in those 12 years I found that it was nothing more than what a 1-year old staff in our company can do. To me he does not have 12 years of experience but 12 times 1 year's experience!' We laughed.

Side Note 2 - No point for new antenna
Tian father's reason for not fixing a new antenna was Singapore TV broadcast will soon be going digital and a new analog antenna would not be to receive Singapore's broadcast soon and thus money wasted. But what he does not seem to know or consider is that Singapore will begin digital broadcast of all channels by end 2012 or start 2013 but will continue to broadcast in analog for a few more years. That is to say that Singapore will be going 'all digital soon' but not 'ONLY digital soon'. In addition, Malaysian TV channels are still on analog and not going 'digital' soon.


Life Lesson 1:
Knowing a little bit or having incomplete information is very dangerous.

Life Lesson 2:
Any idiot can make a claim (or produce DVDs). Even idiots that know only a bit of something get to spread their stupidity around - all they need is some money (to produce DVDs) and a good dose of arrogance. So beware of what you read or see. Paying to learn from arrogant fools (like buying DVDs above) is one of the most stupid thing to do.

Life Lesson 3:
It is not how old one is or how many years one has done something that matters, it is what one actually knows or can do that matters.

Wednesday, August 08, 2012

Anglo-Saxon Financial War

With financial crisis still 'alive' after 4 years, countries and regions are waging wars against each other in desperate attempts to survive or look better vis-a-vis the others.

Over the last 2 years, Europeans had been saying that the rating downgrades (by US rating agencies) of European countries in the middle of 'sovereign crises' were 'political in nature'. A few days ago, a German MP of the CDU ruling party of Angela Merkel said Europe must do whatever it takes to 'fight the attacks'.

Now in Aug 2012, FT reports that "British MPs accuse US of anti-City agenda"

Aug 2012: Standchart accepting transactions with Iran despite sanctions &
BOA downgrade standchart shares which plunged 8% or $16b drop in capitalisation. NY threatens to revoke license.

Jul 2012: HSBC money laundering for drug cartels
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-07-16/hsbc-aided-money-laundering-by-iran-drug-cartels-probe-shows

Jun 2012: Barclays LIBOR manipulation (see blog post)

Recently, a friend working in Rabobank HK said that US banks had been arranging with their counterparties to 'unwind' their derivative transactions. When viewed in context of the artifically low USD interest rates and huge derivative positions held by US banks (which were reportedly used to manipulate interest rates to keep the cost of their country's borrowings low) that is not surprising. I suspect that even their 'own gang' Brits are now betting on interest rates going up (that's why they are going after the UK banks) and US banks' attempt to unwind their derivative positions is to get rid of as much of those exposures as possible before they lose control of the interest rates especially when Europe gets their house in order and the focus turns away from Europe to the UK, US and Japan which have worse debt situations than Europe.


StanChart dives after Iran allegations, downgrades

Bank says it ‘strongly rejects’ New York regulator accusations
August 07, 2012|V. Phani Kumar, MarketWatch

http://articles.marketwatch.com/2012-08-07/industries/33066479_1_stanchart-hsbc-holdings-plc-allegations

HONG KONG (MarketWatch) — Shares of Standard Chartered PLC tumbled in Hong Kong Tuesday after a New York regulator alleged that it “schemed” with Iran and hid transactions worth at least $250 billion, threatening to cancel its state banking license.

StanChart said Tuesday it “strongly rejects” the position and portrayal of facts by the New York State Department of Financial Services.

The U.K.-based bank, which has a strong focus on emerging economies, said in a statement on its website that more than 99.9% of transactions relating to Iran complied with regulations, and that those didn’t were valued at less than $14 million.

Shares of StanChart (HK:2888)(US:SCBFF) (UK:STAN) tumbled 7.4% in Hong Kong to 174.10 Hong Kong dollars ($22.45) in heavy volumes, with about 3.05 million shares changing hands in the first 100 minutes of trading.
On Monday, StanChart’s American Depository Receipts skidded 8.9%, while its London-listed shares sank 6.2%.

Tuesday’s drop came as Bank of America Merrill Lynch downgraded its shares to underperform from buy and slashed its price target to HK$186 from HK$219, “given the scale of the allegations and potential for loss.”

“While the underlying fundamentals and earnings growth of the group’s businesses remain intact, we believe the allegations leveled at StanChart by the [New York regulator] will weigh on the share price for the near term,” the BofA Merrill Lynch analysts wrote in a report Tuesday.

They added that the allegations were similar to those leveled against rival HSBC Holdings PLC (HK:5)  (US:HBC) (UK:HSBA), but on a “bigger scale.”

Last month, a U.S. Senate committee said HSBC allowed its banking network to be used by drug traffickers, terrorists and rogue states to launder billions of dollars because of poor controls. HSBC admitted lax controls and promised to address the issue. Read full story on the Senate allegations against HSBC.

Analysts at Nomura, meanwhile, downgraded StanChart’s London-listed shares to neutral from buy.

In a report released Monday, the New York state DFS said its investigation and review of more than 30,000 pages of documents, including internal bank emails, “describe willful and egregious violations of law.”

For almost a decade, StanChart schemed with the government of Iran and hid roughly 60,000 transactions from regulators, involving at least $250 billion that helped the bank earn millions of dollars in fees, the DFS said.

The actions “left the U.S. financial system vulnerable to terrorists, weapon dealers, drug kingpins and corrupt regimes, and deprived law-enforcement investigators of crucial information used to track all manner of criminal activity,” the DFS report said.

The regulator directed StanChart to explain the apparent violations of law and demonstrate why its license to operate in New York state shouldn’t be revoked.

In its response to the allegations, StanChart said it doesn’t believe the DFS statement “presents a full and accurate picture of facts.”

It said the bank had in January 2010 “voluntarily approached” relevant U.S. agencies, including the DFS, with its review that focused primarily on transactions relating to Iran in the period 2001 to 2007, and in particular, its compliance with transactions that enabled U.S. dollar trade between Iran and other countries.

“The group’s review of its Iranian payments also didn’t identify a single payment on behalf of any party that was designated at the time by the U.S. government as a terrorist entity or organization,” StanChart said in its statement, adding that the bank had ceased all new business with Iranian customers more than five years ago.

Friday, August 03, 2012

How People Spend Their Money Around the World

Key Observations/Notes:
1. Not more than 30% of income on housing (otherwise not enough for other things)
2. Rich can afford much more on education & saving for retirement




US Household Spending (2011)

                                        Poor         Middle Class       Rich
Income Range               ($15k-20k)    ($50k-99k)      (>$150k)

Food                               10.0%             7.7%               5.5%
Housing                           29.0%           27.0%             27.0%
Utilities                           11.0%             8.0%                4.0%
Transportation                 20.0%           21.0%             15.0%
Education                          1.5%             1.3%               4.4%
Retirement Savings           2.6%             9.6%              15.9%

US Notes: 
- many poor are getting food assistance; 15% below household poverty line $23k
- impact of high consumer debt not indicated
- average household debt 1965-1985 was 60% but started to rise after that
- Asian Americans have highest household income $65k (20% > whites; 100%>blacks)




                      Median    Saving   Hsehld Debt  
                      Income      Rate     / income         Remarks

US                 usd 50k       5%       130%        2008 avg hse price fell fr $220k to $140k
UK                gbp 26k?                  150%        1 in 7 shops closed in 2012
Canada          cad 63k       3%       150%   
Australia       aud 66k                    160%

Germany                                         90%         Avg apt eur150k, house eur220k
France                                            80%
Italy                                                66%         Fin trouble in 2012
Spain                                            124%         Property bubble burst & fin trouble in 2011/12
Greece
Ireland           eur 25k?                  200%         Property bubble burst & fin collapse in 2008
Holland         eur 33k?                  250%         2012 Prop prices 10% below 2008 peak

Japan
China
India
Singapore
Malaysia


EU stats 2011  http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/CH_06_2011/EN/CH_06_2011-EN.PDF



Housing ratios & guidelines :
 - US house price = 4x household income; mortgage servicing < 30% income
 - buy house if price <150x monthly rental; rent if price >200x rental